These protocols have been developed using the best available evidence tailored to the local context. They are designed as general guidance to support clinical decision-making for clinicians at Tygerberg Hospital. Obstyger assumes no responsibility for changes in circumstances or new information arising after publication and recognizes that local resource constraints may impact certain recommendations. These protocols should not be relied upon in isolation or used as a substitute for evaluating the individual needs of each patient. The online version (available at www.obstyger.co.za) is always the most current.